The White Immigrants in America

The White Immigrants in America It is true that the whites, also known as Caucasians, are the dominant group in America. However, they are not a basis to understand the experiences of the minority groups. They only help get a glimpse of what the ethnic minority lacks. This is because they are the reason for the mediocre lives of the ethnic minority. The only way to understand the experiences of the ethnic minority is by learning about these specific ethnic minority groups. Direct interaction with these groups is one way of achieving this. The white Americans lead better lives and their lifestyles cannot be used to understand that of the ethnic minority groups. Even though the whites have equal exposure to the best available privileges and opportunities, they vary in terms of socioeconomic status. I think that the skin color signifies a lot because by the mere fact of racial cross-breeding, discrimination does not end. Some of the ethnic minorities are descents of European immigrant but their black color of African origin and non-white facial features alienates them. The dominance by the whites nonetheless has stood the tests of time. The whites in America are a mixture of various immigrant descents but despite the cross-breeding, the white Americans continue to dominate in the US. There are various definitions that in use when referring to the term whites/Caucasian.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The White Immigrants in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One definition has it that the whites are of European immigrant descent while another more recent definition has it that the whites are descents of Europe, Middle East and North Africa. The latter definition is presumably due to constantly diversified racial categories of the whites. Hence, everyone with white characteristics based on his or her skin color or facial features is a white regardless of his or her primordial race. The fact that ethnic minority exists shows that ethnicity is very eminent in the U.S. It is because of ethnicity that the whites hold socioeconomic power, and they don’t suffer from prejudice and discrimination. The American national identity is for the whites hence; they are the nationals of America. But even the ethnic minorities have a bearing on the white identity. Thus, they should enjoy the same privileges as the â€Å"white Americans†. Just the same way Barack Obama of East African descent received an equal opportunity to seek the American presidential seat is the same way that the ethnic minorities should receive equal opportunities to seek high paying jobs. To some extent, this instance supports the proposition that discrimination against the ethnic minority has decreased. The notion by most whites is in fact changing and they believe that they are a different people who respect everyone. This needs confirmation because in the U.S., despite the fact that some ethnic minorities hold high job positions, a high preference is toward the whites. High job positions, which are the basis for social power and wealth, are mostly held by the dominant ethnic groups. Structural discrimination is the reason for this kind of discrimination, which still exists in the U.S. As a way of clearing itself of discriminating against the ethnic minorities, white Americans point accusing fingers at structural discrimination. The ethnic minorities are not aware of structural discrimination. According to them, structural discrimination exists only in the eyes of the whites. Much as they whites try to vindicate themselves of not being discriminative, the facts speak for themselves. The whites embrace ethnicity rooted in aspects such as skin color and social privileges, and because of these the less privileged in society (ethnic minorities) get looked down upon.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Thermodynamics Overview and Basic Concepts

Thermodynamics Overview and Basic Concepts Thermodynamics is the field of physics that deals with the relationship between heat and other properties (such as pressure, density, temperature, etc.) in a substance. Specifically, thermodynamics focuses largely on how a heat transfer is related to various energy changes within a physical system undergoing a thermodynamic process. Such processes usually result in work  being done by the system and are guided by the laws of thermodynamics. Basic Concepts of Heat Transfer Broadly speaking, the heat of a material is understood as a representation of the energy contained within the particles of that material. This is known as the kinetic theory of gases, though the concept applies in varying degrees to solids and liquids as well. The heat from the motion of these particles can transfer into nearby particles, and therefore into other parts of the material or other materials, through a variety of means: Thermal Contact is when two substances can affect each others temperature.Thermal Equilibrium is when two substances in thermal contact no longer transfer heat.Thermal Expansion takes place when a substance expands in volume as it gains heat. Thermal contraction also exists.Conduction is when heat flows through a heated solid.Convection is when heated particles transfer heat to another substance, such as cooking something in boiling water.Radiation is when heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, such as from the sun.Insulation is when a low-conducting material is used to prevent heat transfer. Thermodynamic Processes A system undergoes a thermodynamic process when there is some sort of energetic change within the system, generally associated with changes in pressure, volume, internal energy (i.e. temperature), or any sort of heat transfer. There are several specific types of thermodynamic processes that have special properties: Adiabatic process - a process with no heat transfer into or out of the system.Isochoric process - a process with no change in volume, in which case the system does no work.Isobaric process - a process with no change in pressure.Isothermal process - a process with no change in temperature. States of Matter A state of matter is a description of the type of physical structure that a material substance manifests, with properties that describe how the material holds together (or doesnt). There are five states of matter, though only the first three of them are usually included in the way we think about states of matter: gasliquidsolidplasmasuperfluid (such as a Bose-Einstein Condensate) Many substances can transition between the gas, liquid, and solid phases of matter, while only a few rare substances are known to be able to enter a superfluid state. Plasma is a distinct state of matter, such as lightning   condensation - gas to liquidfreezing - liquid to solidmelting - solid to liquidsublimation - solid to gasvaporization - liquid or solid to gas Heat Capacity The heat capacity, C, of an object is the ratio of change in heat (energy change, ΔQ, where the Greek symbol Delta, Δ, denotes a change in the quantity) to change in temperature (ΔT). C Δ Q / Δ T The heat capacity of a substance indicates the ease with which a substance heats up. A good thermal conductor would have a low heat capacity, indicating that a small amount of energy causes a large temperature change. A good thermal insulator would have a large heat capacity, indicating that much energy transfer is needed for a temperature change. Ideal Gas Equations There are various ideal gas equations which relate temperature (T1), pressure (P1), and volume (V1). These values after a thermodynamic change are indicated by (T2), (P2), and (V2). For a given amount of a substance, n (measured in moles), the following relationships hold: Boyles Law ( T is constant):P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2Charles/Gay-Lussac Law (P is constant):V1/T1 V2/T2Ideal Gas Law:P1V1/T1 P2V2/T2 nR R is the ideal gas constant, R 8.3145 J/mol*K. For a given amount of matter, therefore, nR is constant, which gives the Ideal Gas Law. Laws of Thermodynamics Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics - Two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium to each other.First Law of Thermodynamics - The change in the energy of a system is the amount of energy added to the system minus the energy spent doing work.Second Law of Thermodynamics - It is impossible for a process to have as its sole result the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter one.Third Law of Thermodynamics - It is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations. This means that a perfectly efficient heat engine cannot be created. The Second Law Entropy The Second Law of Thermodynamics can be restated to talk about entropy, which is a quantitative measurement of the disorder in a system. The change in heat divided by the absolute temperature is the entropy change of the process. Defined this way, the Second Law can be restated as: In any closed system, the entropy of the system will either remain constant or increase. By closed system it means that every part of the process is included when calculating the entropy of the system. More About Thermodynamics In some ways, treating thermodynamics as a distinct discipline of physics is misleading. Thermodynamics touches on virtually every field of physics, from astrophysics to biophysics, because they all deal in some fashion with the change of energy in a system. Without the ability of a system to use energy within the system to do work - the heart of thermodynamics - there would be nothing for physicists to study. That having been said, there are some fields use thermodynamics in passing as they go about studying other phenomena, while there are a wide range of fields which focus heavily on the thermodynamics situations involved. Here are some of the sub-fields of thermodynamics: Cryophysics / Cryogenics / Low Temperature Physics - the study of physical properties in low temperature situations, far below temperatures experienced on even the coldest regions of the Earth. An example of this is the study of superfluids.Fluid Dynamics / Fluid Mechanics - the study of the physical properties of fluids, specifically defined in this case to be liquids and gases.High Pressure Physics - the study of physics in extremely high pressure systems, generally related to fluid dynamics.Meteorology / Weather Physics - the physics of the weather, pressure systems in the atmosphere, etc.Plasma Physics - the study of matter in the plasma state.

Battle of Tolentino in the Neapolitan War

Battle of Tolentino in the Neapolitan War Battle of Tolentino-Conflict: The Battle of Tolentino was the key engagement of the 1815 Neapolitan War. Battle of Tolentino -Date: Murat fought the Austrians on May 2-3, 1815. Armies Commanders: Naples Joachim Murat, King of Naples25,588 men58 guns Austria General Frederick BianchiGeneral Adam Albert von Neipperg11,938 men28 guns Battle of Tolentino - Background: In 1808, Marshal Joachim Murat was appointed to the throne of Naples by Napoleon Bonaparte. Ruling from afar as he participated in Napoleons campaigns, Murat deserted the emperor after the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813. Desperate to save his throne, Murat entered into negotiations with the Austrians and concluded a treaty with them in January 1814. Despite Napoleons defeat and the treaty with the Austrians, Murats position became increasingly precarious after the Congress of Vienna convened. This was largely due to increasing support to return the former King Ferdinand IV. Battle of Tolentino - Backing Napoleon: With this in mind, Murat elected to support Napoleon upon his return to France in early 1815. Moving quickly, he raised the Kingdom of Naples army and declared war on Austria on March 15. Advancing north, he won a series of victories over the Austrians and laid siege to Ferrara. On April 8-9, Murat was beaten at Occhiobello and forced to fall back. Retreating, he ended the siege of Ferrara and reconcentrated his forces at Ancona. Believing the situation to be in hand, the Austrian commander in Italy, Baron Frimont, sent two corps south to finish off Murat. Battle of Tolentino -The Austrians Advance: Led by Generals Frederick Bianchi and Adam Albert von Neipperg the Austrian corps marched towards Ancona, with the former moving through Foligno with the goal of getting in Murats rear. Sensing the danger, Murat sought to defeat Bianchi and Neipperg separately before they could unify their forces. Sending a blocking force under General Michele Carascosa to stall Neipperg, Murat took the main body of his army to engage Bianchi near Tolentino. His plan was thwarted on April 29 when a unit of Hungarian hussars captured the town. Recognizing what Murat was trying to accomplish, Bianchi began to delay the battle. Battle of Tolentino -Murat Attacks: Establishing a strong defensive line anchored on the Tower of San Catervo, Rancia Castle, the Church of Maest, and Saint Joseph, Bianchi awaited Murats attack. With time running out, Murat was forced to make to first move on May 2. Opening fire on Bianchis position with artillery, Murat was achieved a minor element of surprise. Attacking near Sforzacosta, his men briefly captured Bianchi necessitating his rescue by Austrian hussars. Concentrating his army near Pollenza, Murat repeatedly attacked the Austrian positions near Rancia Castle. Battle of Tolentino -Murat Retreats: The fighting raged throughout the day and did not die out until after midnight. Though his men failed to take and hold the castle, Murats troops had gotten the better of the days fight. As the sun rose on May 3, a heavy fog delayed action until around 7:00 AM. Pressing forward, the Neapolitans finally captured the castle and the Cantagallo hills, as well as forced the Austrians back into the Chienti Valley. Seeking to exploit this momentum, Murat pushed forward two divisions on his right flank. Anticipating a counterattack by the Austrian cavalry, these divisions advanced in square formations. As they neared the enemy lines, no cavalry emerged and the Austrian infantry unleashed a devastating barrage of musket fire on the Neapolitans. Beaten, the two divisions began falling back. This setback was made worse by the failure of a supporting attack on the left. With the battle still undecided, Murat was informed that Carascosa had been defeated at Scapezzano and that Neippergs corps was approaching. This was compounded by rumors that a Sicilian army was landing in southern Italy. Assessing the situation, Murat began breaking off the action and withdrawing south towards Naples. Battle of Tolentino -Aftermath: In the fighting at Tolentino, Murat lost 1,120 killed, 600 wounded, and 2,400 captured. Worse, the battle effectively ended the Neapolitan armys existence as a cohesive fighting unit. Falling back in disarray, they were unable to stop of the Austrian advance through Italy. With the end in sight, Murat fled to Corsica. Austrian troops entered Naples on May 23 and Ferdinand was restored to the throne. Murat was later executed by the king after attempting an insurrection in Calabria with the goal of retaking the kingdom. The victory at Tolentino cost Bianchi around 700 killed and 100 wounded.

Lesson 2 Student 2 DF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson 2 Student 2 DF - Essay Example The JHNEBP model is a combination of research and non-research encompassing nursing practice, education and the research fields. In utilizing PET, the practice question is designed so as to provide an answer from results. In evidence, research finds the answers by analyzing specific proof (data). The translation of the findings provides the method of implementing the infrastructure into a pilot application for further testing and refining (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). As you would know, there are seven tools utilized during the PET18 steps, applied within the process. and they are: Question Development, Evidence Rating Scale, Research Evidence Appraisal, Non-research Evidence Appraisal, Individual Evidence Summary, Overall Evidence Summation and Project Management (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011, p.270). In the 18 step PET process, the first five steps occur in the Practice Question development phase, whereby a question is identified, the practice scope is defined, leadership and responsibility is assigned, a team is developed and the project conference scheduled. In the Evidence phase, internal and external research occurs, critical appraisal is made on findings, evidence is summarized including a rate of strength, and recommendations are made. In the third phase, Translation, recommendations are set into a plan of action, the changes are implemented, outcomes are evaluated, preliminary reports are made to the decision makers, support is obtained for implementation by a step-by-step process and, finally, the findings are communicated (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011; Dearholt & Dang, 2012). In some situations, when research is limited in regards to a particular issue, nurses will need to review and evaluate other resources such as trade journals, peer expertise recommendations, professional organizations, regulations and guidelines

Organization Career Opportunism in Modern Business Essay

Organization Career Opportunism in Modern Business - Essay Example In short, the organizational career is lifeless, while the changeable career future is bright and flourishing. In this special issue of the decision-making, we will examine the ways and the career Atmosphere and the executive of the 21st century will shape the direction of careers in the years to come. To comprehend the perspective of the new career, every person must build up the latest competencies related to the organization of self and career. In this opportunity document, we will present a concise impression of the rising career background, for both organizations and persons. Reading 2 The cause for upholding an open mind even after making a decision is comparatively simple but incredibly significant: "Facts" can change over time. "Facts" simply symbolize our state of understanding at any known peak in time. "Facts" in psychology have also changed over the years, as you will discover in your study of obedience. Serious thinking does not teach you a set of facts. As a substitute, it gives you an approach of thinking about facts and realizes those facts to determine whether or not they are sufficient. Therefore, serious thinking about any topic continues on and on. Serious thoughts involve a lifetime of learning-a self-motivated, an ongoing process that does not stop. Our assumptions and preconceptions facilitate us to establish how we see the world, minimize the option we make, and dictate the behaviors we want, thus, to become significant thinkers, we must tackle our own biases. To be significant thinkers, we must make sure ourselves with all sides of an issue and remain flexible and open-minded. Relying on supposition and presumption protect them from having to deal with such ambiguity. Philosophical thoughts require that we accept the doubts and continue to question and test ideas and supposition. Our assumption and preconceptions are frequently based on such logic, but we must find out to base on methodical evidence to portray conclusions about psycholo gical issues. Reading 3 Communication is used as a tool to express the feelings or desire verbally or nonverbally. In communication ideas, attitudes and value are shared to the others by three ways it can be verbal, nonverbal and graphics the meaning which can be understood by the other party depends upon his perception, the sentence structure, and interpretation. Communication process its self composed of seven elements these are a sender, message, receiver, feedback, channel, context, and interference. There are numerous things which disturb the flow of communication which ultimately lead to confusion and misunderstanding these are sender use wrong way or wrong wording of communication it can be the wrong perception of a receiver, absence of feedback, the wrong context or other factors which cause interferes with the message. Good communication is a key of success it enables peoples and organization to communicate well and establishes a link and understanding between two or more p eople, it also improves individuals performance, relationship with others and also develop their own need to enhance their personal, social and work relationships. It also enables supervisors to control work procedure, motivate their staff and manage a balance between the needs and goals of individuals with those of the organization.

Human Resources Management. Basic knowledge Essay

Human Resources Management. Basic knowledge - Essay Example The process of globalization influences both public and private sectors of economy. It does not influence business under the conditions of competition produced by adding new participants to the market; this process promotes benchmarking as the best mean of developing business. For instance, the experts in UK are worried with the fact that specialists from the USA and the rest of Europe occupy leading positions in various companies or institutions of public sector. (Hunter et al.) These changes that affect competitive environment and working background forced human resource management reconsider its significance and roles, and adopt its functions to the demands of the present day. The process of reconsidering and revaluation of the HR role shows that the changes have already started, and this process slowly goes on. There are no investigations, reflecting the stages of the process, but the specialists speak about some significant points that indicate progressive nature of the process. In the middle of 90s HR professionals defined the process of changes that in the sphere of HR. Dave Ulrich is one of them. Some of his writings are devoted to this question and the nature of evolution that occurred in the sphere of HR during last fifteen years. He draws new roles in the sphere of HR. ... This function also includes watching relations among employees and establishing a new role to keep performance on high level - the role of employee champion. One more significant role is given to change agent, who should be occupied with the obstacles that may disturb successful business development and with the ways of keeping the business course on right direction. (Ulrich, 2005) In the article "Role Call" Ulrich provides a comparison of the roles in the process of changes, examining how the nature and purpose of each role changed within recent years. He enumerates the following roles that were relevant to the sphere of HR at the beginning of the 90s: "coach, enabler, advocate, change agent, initiative leader, employee champion, business partner, HR leader, strategist, rapid deployment specialist, internal consultant, operational supporter, knowledge facilitator, thought leader, competency professional, client relationship manager and even human capital steward and manager of firm infrastructure." (Ulrich, 2005) At first, he suggested changing the terms defining the specialists, as the essence of their work and functions changed. Employee champion - employee advocate and human capital developer As it has been said above, he provided a framework showing the changes that occurred within these roles. The first of them is shift from the role of employee champion to employee advocate and human capital developer. To say more precisely, this role divided into two separate roles. Here is the definition of "employee champion" provided by Ulrich in one of his previous works: "Employee champions listen and respond to employees and find the right balance between demands on employees and resources available

Organizational stucture, processes, and functions Essay

Organizational stucture, processes, and functions - Essay Example This is, however, the focus but other areas of investment is the upper economic class whose products are a little expensive and attracts the interests of them all in the market through the packaging size and manner (Ajami, 2006). Executive Summary DJ Company is established in consideration of the different requirements that people have in order to conduct their daily lives with ease by spending according to their ability. The company will have its headquarters in the city of New York considering the ease of transport within through railway, air, connection to water, roads and through air, but also, it will have other offices and stall in other parts of the world. The company will have a strong networking system that will link different centers in the various parts of the world where it will have stall and offices and will establish a reliable system through which customers will receive services like online purchase of products. The company will put into consideration the need for eff iciency in supply of consumer products in the world and the focus on low-income earners who may not have a lot of money to spend on very high cost products. Through this, the DJ Company will supply diverse products and services to, majorly, middle class population observing the quality standards needs as well as making the products affordable. Projected Budget Items Year one Year two Targeted (Amount in million US Dollars) Actual (Amount in million US Dollars) Targeted (Amount in million US Dollars) Actual (Amount in million US Dollars) Income Sales Shares Partnerships Others Total Spending Products Labor Warehousing and transport Offices and systems Others Total Balance 2435 4550 750 2500 10,235 800 900 750 500 250 3200 7,025 4300 5500 1200 3000 14,000 1600 1500 1200 600 300 5200 8800 2435 4550 750 2500 10,235 800 900 750 500 250 3200 7,025 The budget will be outsourced from partnership and other acquisition of loans from different companies as well as the sale of shares of the com pany to any interested individuals. This will ensure that all that the company requires will be provided and this will foster expansion to other parts of the world and consequently increasing productivity and profitability of the DJ Company. The company will spend a lot of money on offices and systems because in many parts of the world, it will start in rented places before it obtains its own premises in the specific operational locations (Kanki, Helmreich & Anca, 2010). Personnel Listing DJ Company will have its five major departments, which will be led by executive officers that will manage different plans of the company for the success and profitability of the company. These departments include the executive, budget office; office of IT, human resource and marketing and under their respective officers, the departments will facilitate the progress of the company as whole through designing of organization strategies to meet the various departments (Bhattacharyya, 2009). To facilita te adaptability and profitability of the DJ Company in different places in the world, the company will have other personnel that will enhance business activities in those specific areas of operation. Among the personnel, include the branch managers who will be situated in various points of operation and